Observations and Simulations of a Breaking Mountain Wave Associated with an Aircraft Accident Induced by Clear-Air Turbulence

F. M. Ralph, P. J. Neiman, D. Levinson (CIRES), W. D. Hall (NCAR), T. L. Clark (NCAR), A. Marroquin (CIRA), S. G. Benjamin

Figure 12. Temporal evolution of wave breaking region as inferred from the horizontal gradient of cross mountain winds observed by the lidar. Negative values represent regions where flow was weaker over the mountains, than over the plains. Note the rapid change between 1800 and 2100 UTC, the same time the wind profiler revealed a change in wave structure.

ETL / Review / Observations and Simulations of a Breaking Mountain Wave Associated with an Aircraft Accident Induced by Clear-Air Turbulence / Figure: Introduction, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, Conclusion